Structure control over soft matter on a molecular through nanoscopic lengthscale is a vital tool to optimizing properties for applications ranging from energy (solar and thermal) to biomaterials. Crystal and grain structure effects on bulk conductivity, and nanometer lengthscale pattern of internal interfaces as vital to charge separation and recombination in photovoltaic and light emission effects. Functionality gain of biological materials from structures ranging from monomeric sequence through chain shape through self-assembly. Understanding the effects of structure on properties and gain pattern control in these inherently multidimensional problems. Materials for energy applications such as photovoltaics, fuel cells, and thermoelectrics.